009A Sample Final 1, Problem 1 Detailed Solution

In each part, compute the limit. If the limit is infinite, be sure to specify positive or negative infinity.

(a)   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow -3} \frac{x^3-9x}{6+2x}}

(b)   $\lim _{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\frac {\sin(2x)}{x^{2}}}$

(c)   $\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{\sqrt {4x^{2}+x+5}}}$

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Background Information:
L'Hôpital's Rule, Part 1
Let  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \lim _{x\rightarrow c}f(x)=0}   and  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \lim _{x\rightarrow c}g(x)=0,}   where  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle f}   and  $g$  are differentiable functions
on an open interval  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle I}   containing  $c,$  and  $g'(x)\neq 0$  on  $I$  except possibly at  $c.$
Then,   Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \lim _{x\rightarrow c}{\frac {f(x)}{g(x)}}=\lim _{x\rightarrow c}{\frac {f'(x)}{g'(x)}}.}

Solution:

(a)

Step 1:
We begin by factoring the numerator. We have
$\lim _{x\rightarrow -3}{\frac {x^{3}-9x}{6+2x}}\,=\,\lim _{x\rightarrow -3}{\frac {x(x-3)(x+3)}{2(x+3)}}.$
So, we can cancel  $x+3$  in the numerator and denominator. Thus, we have
$\lim _{x\rightarrow -3}{\frac {x^{3}-9x}{6+2x}}\,=\,\lim _{x\rightarrow -3}{\frac {x(x-3)}{2}}.$

Step 2:
Now, we can just plug in  $x=-3$  to get
Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow -3}{\frac {x^{3}-9x}{6+2x}}}&=&\displaystyle {\frac {(-3)(-3-3)}{2}}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {\frac {18}{2}}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {9.}\end{array}}}

(b)

Step 1:
We proceed using L'Hôpital's Rule. So, we have
${\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\frac {\sin(2x)}{x^{2}}}}&=&\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\frac {2\cos(2x)}{2x}}}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow 0^{+}}{\frac {\cos(2x)}{x}}.}\\\end{array}}$

Step 2:
This limit is   $\infty .$

(c)

Step 1:
We have
$\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{\sqrt {4x^{2}+x+5}}}=\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{{\sqrt {x^{2}(4+{\frac {1}{x}}+{\frac {5}{x^{2}}}}})}}.$
Since we are looking at the limit as  $x$  goes to negative infinity, we have  ${\sqrt {x^{2}}}=-x.$
So, we have
$\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{\sqrt {4x^{2}+x+5}}}\,=\,\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{-x{\sqrt {4+{\frac {1}{x}}+{\frac {5}{x^{2}}}}}}}.$

Step 2:
We simplify to get
${\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {3x}{\sqrt {4x^{2}+x+5}}}}&=&\displaystyle {\lim _{x\rightarrow -\infty }{\frac {-3}{\sqrt {4+{\frac {1}{x}}+{\frac {5}{x^{2}}}}}}}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {-{\frac {3}{\sqrt {4}}}}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {-{\frac {3}{2}}.}\end{array}}$

Final Answer:
(a)    $9$
(b)    $\infty$
(c)    $-{\frac {3}{2}}$

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