009A Sample Final 1, Problem 3

Find the derivatives of the following functions.

(a)   $f(x)=\ln {\bigg (}{\frac {x^{2}-1}{x^{2}+1}}{\bigg )}$

(b)   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g(x)=2\sin (4x)+4\tan (\sqrt{1+x^3})}

Foundations:
1. Chain Rule
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}(f(g(x)))=f'(g(x))g'(x)}
2. Quotient Rule
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\bigg(\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}\bigg)=\frac{g(x)f'(x)-f(x)g'(x)}{(g(x))^2}}
3. Trig Derivatives
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}(\sin x)=\cos x,\quad\frac{d}{dx}(\tan x)=\sec^2 x}

Solution:

(a)

Step 1:
Using the Chain Rule, we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{f'(x)} & = & \displaystyle{\frac{1}{\bigg(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\bigg)}\bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\bigg(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\bigg)\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}\bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\bigg(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\bigg)\bigg).}\\ \end{array}}

Step 2:
Now, we need to calculate  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\bigg(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\bigg)\bigg).}
To do this, we use the Quotient Rule. So, we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{f'(x)} & = & \displaystyle{\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}\bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\bigg(\frac{x^2-1}{x^2+1}\bigg)\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}\bigg(\frac{(x^2+1)(2x)-(x^2-1)(2x)}{(x^2+1)^2}\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{x^2+1}{x^2-1}\bigg(\frac{4x}{(x^2+1)^2}\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{4x}{(x^2-1)(x^2+1)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{4x}{x^4-1}.}\\ \end{array}}

(b)

Step 1:
Again, we need to use the Chain Rule. We have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g'(x)\,=\,8\cos(4x)+4\sec^2(\sqrt{1+x^3})\bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\sqrt{1+x^3}\bigg).}

Step 2:
We need to calculate  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\sqrt{1+x^3}.}
We use the Chain Rule again to get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{g'(x)} & = & \displaystyle{8\cos(4x)+4\sec^2(\sqrt{1+x^3})\bigg(\frac{d}{dx}\sqrt{1+x^3}\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{8\cos(4x)+4\sec^2(\sqrt{1+x^3})\frac{1}{2}(1+x^3)^{-\frac{1}{2}}3x^2}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{8\cos(4x)+\frac{6\sec^2(\sqrt{1+x^3})x^2}{\sqrt{1+x^3}}.}\\ \end{array}}

Final Answer:
(a) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f'(x)=\frac{4x}{x^4-1}}
(b) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g'(x)=8\cos(4x)+\frac{6\sec^2(\sqrt{1+x^3})x^2}{\sqrt{1+x^3}}}

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