009B Sample Midterm 3, Problem 4

Evaluate the integral:

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int \sin (\ln x)~dx.}

Foundations:
Integration by parts tells us that $\int u~dv=uv-\int vdu.$
How could we break up $\sin(\ln x)~dx$ into $u$ and $dv?$
Notice that $\sin(\ln x)$ is one term. So, we need to let $u=\sin(\ln x)$ and $dv=dx.$

Solution:

Step 1:
We proceed using integration by parts. Let $u=\sin(\ln x)$ and $dv=dx.$ Then, $du=\cos(\ln x){\frac {1}{x}}dx$ and $v=x.$
Therefore, we get
$\int \sin(\ln x)~dx=x\sin(\ln x)-\int \cos(\ln x)~dx.$

Step 2:
Now, we need to use integration by parts again. Let $u=\cos(\ln x)$ and $dv=dx.$ Then, $du=-\sin(\ln x){\frac {1}{x}}dx$ and $v=x.$
Therfore, we get
Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \int \sin(\ln x)~dx=x\sin(\ln x)-{\bigg (}x\cos(\ln x)+\int \sin(\ln x)~dx{\bigg )}=x\sin(\ln x)-x\cos(\ln x)-\int \sin(\ln x)~dx.}

Step 3:
Notice that the integral on the right of the last equation is the same integral that we had at the beginning.
So, if we add the integral on the right to the other side of the equation, we get
$2\int \sin(\ln x)~dx=x\sin(\ln x)-x\cos(\ln x)$.
Now, we divide both sides by 2 to get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int \sin(\ln x)~dx=\frac{x\sin(\ln x)}{2}-\frac{x\cos(\ln x)}{2}.}
Thus, the final answer is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int \sin(\ln x)~dx=\frac{x}{2}(\sin(\ln x)-\cos(\ln x))+C.}

Final Answer:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{x}{2}(\sin(\ln x)-\cos(\ln x))+C}

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