031 Review Problems

This is a list of sample problems and is meant to represent the material usually covered in Math 31. An actual test may or may not be similar.

1. True or false: If all the entries of a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 7\times 7}   matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   are  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 7,}   then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{det }A}   must be  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 7^7.}

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2. True or false: If a matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A^2}   is diagonalizable, then the matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   must be diagonalizable as well.

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3. True or false: If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 4\times 4}   matrix with characteristic equation  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lambda(\lambda-1)(\lambda+1)(\lambda+e)=0,}   then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is diagonalizable.

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4. True or false: If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is invertible, then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is diagonalizable.

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5. True or false: If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B}   are invertible  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle n\times n}   matrices, then so is  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A+B.}

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6. True or false: If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 3\times 5}   matrix and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A=2,}   then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A\vec{x}=\vec{b}}   is consistent for all  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{b}}   in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^3.}

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7. True or false: Let  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C=AB}   for  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 4\times 4}   matrices  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B.}   If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C}   is invertible, then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is invertible.

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8. True or false: Let  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle W}   be a subspace of  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^4}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{v}}   be a vector in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^4.}   If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{v}\in W}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{v}\in W^\perp,}   then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vec{v}=\vec{0}.}

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9. True or false: If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is an invertible  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 3\times 3}   matrix, and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C}   are  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 3\times 3}   matrices such that  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle AB=AC,}   then  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B=C.}

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10.

(a) Is the matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A= \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 1 \\ 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}}   diagonalizable? If so, explain why and diagonalize it. If not, explain why not.

(b) Is the matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A= \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 & -2 \\ 1 & 3 & 2 \\ 0 & 0 & 3 \end{bmatrix}}   diagonalizable? If so, explain why and diagonalize it. If not, explain why not.

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11. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & -1 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 2 \end{bmatrix}.}

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12. Consider the matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -4 & 9 & -7 \\ -1 & 2 & -4 & 1 \\ 5 & -6 & 10 & 7 \end{bmatrix}}   and assume that it is row equivalent to the matrix

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle B= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & -1 & 5 \\ 0 & -2 & 5 & -6 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix}.}

(a) List rank  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A.}

(b) Find bases for  ${\text{Col }}A$  and  ${\text{Nul }}A.$  Find an example of a nonzero vector that belongs to  ${\text{Col }}A,$  as well as an example of a nonzero vector that belongs to  ${\text{Nul }}A.$

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13. Find the dimension of the subspace spanned by the given vectors. Are these vectors linearly independent?

${\begin{bmatrix}1\\0\\2\end{bmatrix}},{\begin{bmatrix}3\\1\\1\end{bmatrix}},{\begin{bmatrix}-2\\-1\\1\end{bmatrix}},{\begin{bmatrix}5\\2\\2\end{bmatrix}}$

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14. Let  $B={\begin{bmatrix}1&-2&3&4\\0&3&0&0\\0&5&1&2\\0&-1&3&6\end{bmatrix}}.$

(a) Is  $B$  invertible? Explain.

(b) Define a linear transformation  $T$  by the formula  $T({\vec {x}})=B{\vec {x}}.$  Is  $T$  onto? Explain.

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15. Suppose  $T$  is a linear transformation given by the formula

$T{\Bigg (}{\begin{bmatrix}x_{1}\\x_{2}\\x_{3}\\\end{bmatrix}}{\Bigg )}={\begin{bmatrix}5x_{1}-2.5x_{2}+10x_{3}\\-x_{1}+0.5x_{2}-2x_{3}\end{bmatrix}}$

(a) Find the standard matrix for  $T.$

(b) Let  ${\vec {u}}=7{\vec {e_{1}}}-4{\vec {e_{2}}}.$  Find  $T({\vec {u}}).$

(c) Is  ${\begin{bmatrix}-1\\3\end{bmatrix}}$  in the range of  $T?$  Explain.

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16. Let  $A$  and  $B$  be  $6\times 6$  matrices with  ${\text{det }}A=-10$  and  ${\text{det }}B=5.$  Use properties of determinants to compute:

(a)  ${\text{det }}3A$

(b)  ${\text{det }}(A^{T}B^{-1})$

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17. Let  $A={\begin{bmatrix}5&1\\0&5\end{bmatrix}}.$

(a) Find a basis for the eigenspace(s) of  $A.$

(b) Is the matrix  $A$  diagonalizable? Explain.

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18. Let  ${\vec {v}}={\begin{bmatrix}-1\\3\\0\end{bmatrix}}$  and  ${\vec {y}}={\begin{bmatrix}2\\0\\5\end{bmatrix}}.$

(a) Find a unit vector in the direction of  ${\vec {v}}.$

(b) Find the distance between  ${\vec {v}}$  and  ${\vec {y}}.$

(c) Let  $L={\text{Span }}\{{\vec {v}}\}.$  Compute the orthogonal projection of  ${\vec {y}}$  onto  $L.$

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19. Let  $W={\text{Span }}{\Bigg \{}{\begin{bmatrix}2\\0\\-1\\0\end{bmatrix}},{\begin{bmatrix}-3\\1\\0\\0\end{bmatrix}}{\Bigg \}}.$  Is  ${\begin{bmatrix}2\\6\\4\\0\end{bmatrix}}$  in  $W^{\perp }?$  Explain.

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20.

(a) Let  $T:\mathbb {R} ^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{2}$  be a transformation given by

$T{\bigg (}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}{\bigg )}={\begin{bmatrix}1-xy\\x+y\end{bmatrix}}.$

Determine whether  $T$  is a linear transformation. Explain.

(b) Let  $A={\begin{bmatrix}1&-3&0\\-4&1&1\end{bmatrix}}$  and  $B={\begin{bmatrix}2&1\\1&0\\-1&1\end{bmatrix}}.$  Find  $AB,~BA^{T}$  and  $A-B^{T}.$

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21. Let  $A={\begin{bmatrix}1&3&8\\2&4&11\\1&2&5\end{bmatrix}}.$  Find  $A^{-1}$  if possible.

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22. Find a formula for  ${\begin{bmatrix}1&-6\\2&-6\end{bmatrix}}^{k}$  by diagonalizing the matrix.

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23.

(a) Show that if  ${\vec {x}}$  is an eigenvector of the matrix  $A$  corresponding to the eigenvalue 2, then  ${\vec {x}}$  is an eigenvector of  $A^{3}-A^{2}+I.$  What is the corresponding eigenvalue?

(b) Show that if  ${\vec {y}}$  is an eigenvector of the matrix  $A$  corresponding to the eigenvalue 3 and  $A$  is invertible, then  ${\vec {y}}$  is an eigenvector of  $A^{-1}.$  What is the corresponding eigenvalue?

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24. Let  $A={\begin{bmatrix}3&0&-1\\0&1&-3\\1&0&0\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}3&0&0\\0&4&0\\0&0&3\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}0&0&1\\-3&1&9\\-1&0&3\end{bmatrix}}.$

Use the Diagonalization Theorem to find the eigenvalues of  $A$  and a basis for each eigenspace.

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25. Give an example of a  $3\times 3$  matrix  $A$  with eigenvalues 5,-1 and 3.

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26. Assume  $A^{2}=I.$  Find  ${\text{Nul }}A.$

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27. If  $A$  is an  $n\times n$  matrix such that  $AA^{T}=I,$  what are the possible values of  ${\text{det }}A?$

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28. Show that if  ${\vec {x}}$  is an eigenvector of the matrix product  $AB$  and  $B{\vec {x}}\neq {\vec {0}},$  then  $B{\vec {x}}$  is an eigenvector of  $BA.$

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29.

(a) Suppose a  $6\times 8$  matrix  $A$  has 4 pivot columns. What is  ${\text{dim Nul }}A?$  Is  ${\text{Col }}A=\mathbb {R} ^{4}?$  Why or why not?

(b) If  $A$  is a  $7\times 5$  matrix, what is the smallest possible dimension of  ${\text{Nul }}A?$

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30. Consider the following system of equations.

$x_{1}+kx_{2}=1$

$3x_{1}+5x_{2}=2k$

Find all real values of  $k$  such that the system has only one solution.

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31. Suppose  $\{{\vec {u}},{\vec {v}}\}$  is a basis of the eigenspace corresponding to the eigenvalue 0 of a  $5\times 5$  matrix  $A.$

(a) Is  ${\vec {w}}={\vec {u}}-2{\vec {v}}$  an eigenvector of  $A?$  If so, find the corresponding eigenvalue.

If not, explain why.

(b) Find the dimension of  ${\text{Col }}A.$

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