009A Sample Final 1, Problem 7

A curve is defined implicitly by the equation

x^{3}+y^{3}=6xy.

a) Using implicit differentiation, compute ${\frac {dy}{dx}}$ .

b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve $x^{3}+y^{3}=6xy$ at the point $(3,3)$ .

1

Foundations:
1. What is the result of implicit differentiation of $xy?$
It would be $y+x{\frac {dy}{dx}}$ by the Product Rule.
2. What two pieces of information do you need to write the equation of a line?
You need the slope of the line and a point on the line.
3. What is the slope of the tangent line of a curve?
The slope is $m={\frac {dy}{dx}}.$

Solution:

(a)

Step 1:
Using implicit differentiation on the equation $x^{3}+y^{3}=6xy,$ we get
$3x^{2}+3y^{2}{\frac {dy}{dx}}=6y+6x{\frac {dy}{dx}}.$

Step 2:
Now, we move all the ${\frac {dy}{dx}}$ terms to one side of the equation.
So, we have
$3x^{2}-6y={\frac {dy}{dx}}(6x-3y^{2}).$
We solve to get ${\frac {dy}{dx}}={\frac {3x^{2}-6y}{6x-3y^{2}}}.$

(b)

Step 1:
First, we find the slope of the tangent line at the point $(3,3).$
We plug in $(3,3)$ into the formula for ${\frac {dy}{dx}}$ we found in part (a).
So, we get
$m={\frac {3(3)^{2}-6(3)}{6(3)-3(3)^{2}}}={\frac {9}{-9}}=-1.$

Step 2:
Now, we have the slope of the tangent line at $(3,3)$ and a point.
Thus, we can write the equation of the line.
So, the equation of the tangent line at $(3,3)$ is
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y=-1(x-3)+3.}

Final Answer:
(a) ${\frac {dy}{dx}}={\frac {3x^{2}-6y}{6x-3y^{2}}}$
(b) $y=-1(x-3)+3$