Difference between revisions of "031 Review Part 2, Problem 10"

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::<math>\text{rank }A+\text{dim Col }A=n.</math>
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::<math>\text{dim Nul }A+\text{dim Col }A=n.</math>
 
   
 
   
 
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{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
 
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
 
!Step 1: &nbsp;  
 
!Step 1: &nbsp;  
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|By the Rank Theorem, we have
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::<math>\text{dim Nul }A+\text{dim Col }A=5.</math>
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|Thus,
 
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::<math>\text{dim Nul }A=5-\text{dim Col}A.</math>
 
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{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
 
{| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
 
!Step 2: &nbsp;
 
!Step 2: &nbsp;
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|If we want to minimize &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: -4px">\text{dim Nul }A,</math>&nbsp; we need to maximize &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: 0px">\text{dim Col }A.</math>
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|To do this, we need to find out the maximum number of pivots in &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: 0px">A.</math>
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|Since &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: 0px">A</math>&nbsp; is a &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: -1px">7\times 5</math>&nbsp; matrix, the maximum number of pivots in &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: 0px">A</math>&nbsp; is 5.
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|Hence, the smallest possible value for &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: -1px">\text{dim Nul }A</math>&nbsp; is
 
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&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math>\begin{array}{rcl}
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\displaystyle{\text{dim Nul }A} & = & \displaystyle{5-\text{dim Col }A}\\
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&&\\
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& \ge & \displaystyle{5-5}\\
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&&\\
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& \ge & \displaystyle{0.}
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\end{array}</math>
 
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|&nbsp;&nbsp; '''(a)''' &nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -1px">\text{dim Col }A=4</math>&nbsp; and &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: -6px">\text{Col }A\ne \mathbb{R}^4</math>
 
|&nbsp;&nbsp; '''(a)''' &nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -1px">\text{dim Col }A=4</math>&nbsp; and &nbsp;<math style="vertical-align: -6px">\text{Col }A\ne \mathbb{R}^4</math>
 
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|&nbsp;&nbsp; '''(b)''' &nbsp; &nbsp;  
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|&nbsp;&nbsp; '''(b)''' &nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -1px">0</math>
 
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[[031_Review_Part_2|'''<u>Return to Sample Exam</u>''']]
 
[[031_Review_Part_2|'''<u>Return to Sample Exam</u>''']]

Revision as of 13:19, 12 October 2017

(a) Suppose a    matrix  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   has 4 pivot columns. What is  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A?}   Is  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Col }A=\mathbb{R}^4?}   Why or why not?

(b) If  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 7\times 5}   matrix, what is the smallest possible dimension of  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Nul }A?}


Foundations:  
1. The dimension of  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Col }A}   is equal to the number of pivots in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A.}
2. By the Rank Theorem, if  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle m\times n}   matrix, then
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A+\text{dim Col }A=n.}


Solution:

(a)

Step 1:  
Since  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   has 4 pivot columns,
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Col }A=4.}
Step 2:  
Since  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 6\times 8}   matrix,  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Col }A}   contains vectors in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^6.}
Since a vector in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^6}   is not a vector in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^4,}   we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Col }A\ne \mathbb{R}^4.}

(b)

Step 1:  
By the Rank Theorem, we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A+\text{dim Col }A=5.}
Thus,
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A=5-\text{dim Col}A.}
Step 2:  
If we want to minimize  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A,}   we need to maximize  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Col }A.}
To do this, we need to find out the maximum number of pivots in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A.}
Since  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is a  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 7\times 5}   matrix, the maximum number of pivots in  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A}   is 5.
Hence, the smallest possible value for  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Nul }A}   is

       Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\text{dim Nul }A} & = & \displaystyle{5-\text{dim Col }A}\\ &&\\ & \ge & \displaystyle{5-5}\\ &&\\ & \ge & \displaystyle{0.} \end{array}}


Final Answer:  
   (a)     Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{dim Col }A=4}   and  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \text{Col }A\ne \mathbb{R}^4}
   (b)     Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 0}

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