009B Sample Final 1, Problem 1

Consider the region bounded by the following two functions:

$y=2(-x^{2}+9)$  and  $y=0$.

(a) Using the lower sum with three rectangles having equal width, approximate the area.

(b) Using the upper sum with three rectangles having equal width, approximate the area.

(c) Find the actual area of the region.

Foundations:
Recall:
1. The height of each rectangle in the lower Riemann sum is given by choosing
the minimum  $y$  value of the left and right endpoints of the rectangle.
2. The height of each rectangle in the upper Riemann sum is given by choosing
the maximum  $y$  value of the left and right endpoints of the rectangle.
3. The area of the region is given by  $\int _{a}^{b}y~dx$
for appropriate values  $a,b$.

Solution:

(a)

Step 1:
We need to set these two equations equal in order to find the intersection points of these functions.
So, we let  $2(-x^{2}+9)=0$.  Solving for  $x,$  we get  $x=\pm 3$.
This means that we need to calculate the Riemann sums over the interval  $[-3,3]$.

Step 2:
Since the length of our interval is  $6$  and we are using  $3$  rectangles,
each rectangle will have width  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2.}
Thus, the lower Riemann sum is
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2(f(-3)+f(-1)+f(3))\,=\,2(0+16+0)\,=\,32.}

(b)

Step 1:
As in Part (a), the length of our interval is  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 6}   and
each rectangle will have width  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2.} (See Step 1 and 2 for (a))

Step 2:
Thus, the upper Riemann sum is
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2(f(-1)+f(-1)+f(1))\,=\,2(16+16+16)\,=\,96.}

(c)

Step 1:
To find the actual area of the region, we need to calculate
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_{-3}^3 2(-x^2+9)~dx.}

Step 2:
We integrate to get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\int_{-3}^3 2(-x^2+9)~dx} & = & \displaystyle{2\bigg(\frac{-x^3}{3}+9x\bigg)\bigg|_{-3}^3}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{2\bigg(\frac{-3^3}{3}+9\times 3\bigg)-2\bigg(\frac{-(-3)^3}{3}+9(-3)\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{2(-9+27)-2(9-27)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{2(18)-2(-18)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{72}.\\ \end{array}}

Final Answer:
(a)    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 32}
(b)    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 96}
(c)    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 72}

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