009C Sample Midterm 2, Problem 4

Find the radius of convergence and interval of convergence of the series.

a) $\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }n^{n}x^{n}$

b) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(x+1)^n}{\sqrt{n}}}

Foundations:
Root Test
Ratio Test

Solution:

(a)

Step 1:
We begin by applying the Root Test.
We have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \sqrt{|a_n|}} & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} \sqrt{|n^nx^n|}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} |n^nx^n|^{\frac{1}{n}}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} |nx|}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{n|x|}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{|x|\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} n}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\infty} \end{array}}

Step 2:
This means that as long as Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x\ne 0,} this series diverges.
Hence, the radius of convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R=0} and
the interval of convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \{0\}.}

(b)

Step 1:

Step 2:

Final Answer:
(a)     The radius of convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R=0} and the interval of convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \{0\}.}
(b)     The radius of convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R=1} and the interval fo convergence is Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (2,4].}

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