|
|
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 9: |
Line 9: |
| | <span class="exam">is rotated about the <math style="vertical-align: -3px">y</math>-axis. Find the area of the resulting surface. | | <span class="exam">is rotated about the <math style="vertical-align: -3px">y</math>-axis. Find the area of the resulting surface. |
| | | | |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| + | <hr> |
| − | !Foundations:
| + | [[009B Sample Final 1, Problem 7 Solution|'''<u>Solution</u>''']] |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Recall:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |'''1.''' The formula for the length <math style="vertical-align: 0px">L</math> of a curve <math style="vertical-align: -5px">y=f(x)</math> where <math style="vertical-align: -3px">a\leq x \leq b</math> is
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>L=\int_a^b \sqrt{1+\bigg(\frac{dy}{dx}\bigg)^2}~dx.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |'''2.''' | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | <math style="vertical-align: -14px">\int \sec x~dx=\ln|\sec(x)+\tan(x)|+C.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |'''3.''' The surface area <math style="vertical-align: 0px">S</math> of a function <math style="vertical-align: -5px">y=f(x)</math> rotated about the <math style="vertical-align: -4px">y</math>-axis is given by
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math style="vertical-align: -13px">S=\int 2\pi x\,ds,</math> where <math style="vertical-align: -18px">ds=\sqrt{1+\bigg(\frac{dy}{dx}\bigg)^2}.</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Solution:''' | + | [[009B Sample Final 1, Problem 7 Detailed Solution|'''<u>Detailed Solution</u>''']] |
| | | | |
| − | '''(a)'''
| |
| | | | |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 1:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |First, we calculate <math>\frac{dy}{dx}.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Since <math style="vertical-align: -12px">y=\ln (\cos x),~\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{1}{\cos x}(-\sin x)=-\tan x</math>.
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Using the formula given in the Foundations section, we have
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>L=\int_0^{\pi/3} \sqrt{1+(-\tan x)^2}~dx.</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 2:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Now, we have
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{rcl}
| |
| − | L & = & \displaystyle{\int_0^{\pi/3} \sqrt{1+\tan^2 x}~dx}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\int_0^{\pi/3} \sqrt{\sec^2x}~dx}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\int_0^{\pi/3} \sec x ~dx}.\\
| |
| − | \end{array}</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 3:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Finally,
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{rcl}
| |
| − | L& = & \ln |\sec x+\tan x|\bigg|_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\ln \bigg|\sec \frac{\pi}{3}+\tan \frac{\pi}{3}\bigg|-\ln|\sec 0 +\tan 0|}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\ln |2+\sqrt{3}|-\ln|1|}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\ln (2+\sqrt{3})}.
| |
| − | \end{array}</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''(b)'''
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 1:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |We start by calculating <math>\frac{dy}{dx}.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Since <math style="vertical-align: -13px">y=1-x^2,~ \frac{dy}{dx}=-2x.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Using the formula given in the Foundations section, we have
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>S\,=\,\int_0^{1}2\pi x \sqrt{1+(-2x)^2}~dx.</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 2:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Now, we have <math style="vertical-align: -14px">S=\int_0^{1}2\pi x \sqrt{1+4x^2}~dx.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |We proceed by using trig substitution.
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Let <math style="vertical-align: -13px">x=\frac{1}{2}\tan \theta.</math> Then, <math style="vertical-align: -12px">dx=\frac{1}{2}\sec^2\theta \,d\theta.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |So, we have
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{rcl}
| |
| − | \displaystyle{\int 2\pi x \sqrt{1+4x^2}~dx} & = & \displaystyle{\int 2\pi \bigg(\frac{1}{2}\tan \theta\bigg)\sqrt{1+\tan^2\theta}\bigg(\frac{1}{2}\sec^2\theta\bigg) d\theta}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\int \frac{\pi}{2} \tan \theta \sec \theta \sec^2\theta d\theta}.\\
| |
| − | \end{array}</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 3:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Now, we use <math style="vertical-align: 0px">u</math>-substitution.
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Let <math style="vertical-align: 0px">u=\sec \theta.</math> Then, <math style="vertical-align: -1px">du=\sec \theta \tan \theta \,d\theta.</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |So, the integral becomes
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{rcl}
| |
| − | \displaystyle{\int 2\pi x \sqrt{1+4x^2}~dx} & = & \displaystyle{\int \frac{\pi}{2}u^2du}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi}{6}u^3+C}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi}{6}\sec^3\theta+C}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi}{6}(\sqrt{1+4x^2})^3+C}.\\
| |
| − | \end{array}</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Step 4:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |We started with a definite integral. So, using Step 2 and 3, we have
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | <math>\begin{array}{rcl}
| |
| − | S & = & \displaystyle{\int_0^1 2\pi x \sqrt{1+4x^2}~dx}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi}{6}(\sqrt{1+4x^2})^3}\bigg|_0^1\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi(\sqrt{5})^3}{6}-\frac{\pi}{6}}\\
| |
| − | &&\\
| |
| − | & = & \displaystyle{\frac{\pi}{6}(5\sqrt{5}-1)}.\\
| |
| − | \end{array}</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;"
| |
| − | !Final Answer:
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''(a)''' <math>\ln (2+\sqrt{3})</math>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | '''(b)''' <math>\frac{\pi}{6}(5\sqrt{5}-1)</math>
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | [[009B_Sample_Final_1|'''<u>Return to Sample Exam</u>''']] | | [[009B_Sample_Final_1|'''<u>Return to Sample Exam</u>''']] |
