Difference between revisions of "009B Sample Midterm 2, Problem 1"

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::Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\frac{d}{dx}\int_0^x\sin(t)~dt=\sin(x).</math>
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&nbsp; &nbsp; Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that  
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|&nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\frac{d}{dx}\int_0^x\sin(t)~dt=\sin(x).</math>
 
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|'''2.''' What does Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus say about <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\int_a^b\sec^2x~dx</math> where <math style="vertical-align: -5px">a,b</math> are constants?
 
|'''2.''' What does Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus say about <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\int_a^b\sec^2x~dx</math> where <math style="vertical-align: -5px">a,b</math> are constants?
 
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::Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\int_a^b\sec^2x~dx=F(b)-F(a)</math> where <math style="vertical-align: 0px">F</math> is any antiderivative of <math style="vertical-align: 0px">\sec^2x.</math>
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&nbsp; &nbsp; Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that  
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|&nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -15px">\int_a^b\sec^2x~dx=F(b)-F(a)</math> where <math style="vertical-align: 0px">F</math> is any antiderivative of <math style="vertical-align: 0px">\sec^2x.</math>
 
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|Let <math style="vertical-align: -4px">f</math> be continuous on <math style="vertical-align: -5px">[a,b]</math> and let <math style="vertical-align: 0px">F</math> be any antiderivative of <math style="vertical-align: -4px">f.</math>
 
|Let <math style="vertical-align: -4px">f</math> be continuous on <math style="vertical-align: -5px">[a,b]</math> and let <math style="vertical-align: 0px">F</math> be any antiderivative of <math style="vertical-align: -4px">f.</math>
 
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|Then, <math style="vertical-align: -14px">\int_a^b f(x)~dx=F(b)-F(a).</math>
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|Then,
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|&nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -14px">\int_a^b f(x)~dx=F(b)-F(a).</math>
 
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'''(b)'''
 
'''(b)'''
  
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!Step 1: &nbsp;  
 
!Step 1: &nbsp;  
 
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|Let <math style="vertical-align: -15px">F(x)=\int_0^{\cos (x)}\sin (t)~dt.</math> The problem is asking us to find <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F'(x).</math>
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|Let <math style="vertical-align: -15px">F(x)=\int_0^{\cos (x)}\sin (t)~dt.</math>  
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|The problem is asking us to find <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F'(x).</math>
 
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|Let <math style="vertical-align: -5px">g(x)=\cos(x)</math> and <math style="vertical-align: -14px">G(x)=\int_0^x \sin(t)~dt.</math>
 
|Let <math style="vertical-align: -5px">g(x)=\cos(x)</math> and <math style="vertical-align: -14px">G(x)=\int_0^x \sin(t)~dt.</math>
 
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|Then, <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F(x)=G(g(x)).</math>
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|Then,  
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|&nbsp; &nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F(x)=G(g(x)).</math>
 
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!Step 2: &nbsp;
 
!Step 2: &nbsp;
 
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|If we take the derivative of both sides of the last equation, we get <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F'(x)=G'(g(x))g'(x)</math> by the Chain Rule.
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|If we take the derivative of both sides of the last equation,  
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|we get <math style="vertical-align: -5px">F'(x)=G'(g(x))g'(x)</math> by the Chain Rule.
 
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| &nbsp;&nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -16px">\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\sec^2 x~dx=\tan \bigg(\frac{\pi}{4}\bigg)-\tan (0)=1.</math>
 
| &nbsp;&nbsp; <math style="vertical-align: -16px">\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\sec^2 x~dx=\tan \bigg(\frac{\pi}{4}\bigg)-\tan (0)=1.</math>
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Revision as of 08:33, 7 February 2017

This problem has three parts:

a) State the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
b) Compute   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\int_0^{\cos (x)}\sin (t)~dt.}
c) Evaluate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/4}\sec^2 x~dx.}


Foundations:  
1. What does Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus say about Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\int_0^x\sin(t)~dt?}

    Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that

    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\int_0^x\sin(t)~dt=\sin(x).}
2. What does Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus say about Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_a^b\sec^2x~dx} where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a,b} are constants?

    Part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus says that

    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_a^b\sec^2x~dx=F(b)-F(a)} where Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} is any antiderivative of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sec^2x.}


Solution:

(a)

Step 1:  
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus has two parts.
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} be continuous on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle [a,b]} and let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F(x)=\int_a^x f(t)~dt.}
Then, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} is a differentiable function on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a,b)} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F'(x)=f(x).}
Step 2:  
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} be continuous on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle [a,b]} and let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} be any antiderivative of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f.}
Then,
    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_a^b f(x)~dx=F(b)-F(a).}

(b)

Step 1:  
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F(x)=\int_0^{\cos (x)}\sin (t)~dt.}
The problem is asking us to find Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F'(x).}
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g(x)=\cos(x)} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle G(x)=\int_0^x \sin(t)~dt.}
Then,
    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F(x)=G(g(x)).}
Step 2:  
If we take the derivative of both sides of the last equation,
we get Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F'(x)=G'(g(x))g'(x)} by the Chain Rule.
Step 3:  
Now, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g'(x)=-\sin(x)} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle G'(x)=\sin(x)} by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1.
Since
   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle G'(g(x))=\sin(g(x))=\sin(\cos(x)),}
we have
   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F'(x)=G'(g(x))\cdot g'(x)=\sin(\cos(x))\cdot(-\sin(x)).}

(c)

Step 1:  
Using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2, we have
   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\sec^2 x~dx=\tan(x)\biggr|_{0}^{\pi/4}.}
Step 2:  
So, we get
   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\sec^2 x~dx=\tan \bigg(\frac{\pi}{4}\bigg)-\tan (0)=1.}


Final Answer:  
(a)
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 1
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} be continuous on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle [a,b]} and let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F(x)=\int_a^x f(t)~dt.}
Then, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} is a differentiable function on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a,b)} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F'(x)=f(x).}
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Part 2
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} be continuous on Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle [a,b]} and let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F} be any antiderivative of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f.}
Then, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_a^b f(x)~dx=F(b)-F(a).}
(b)   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx}\int_0^{\cos (x)}\sin (t)~dt\,=\,\sin(\cos(x))\cdot(-\sin(x)).}
(c)   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/4}\sec^2 x~dx\,=\,1.}

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